A. INTERNET HISTORY
In addition to research works such as ARPANET and X.25, the computer also hobbiisdevelop their own network technique which is quite popular, ie UUCP.The biggest problem in this technique is how to make various types of equipmentnetwork, such as telephone, radio, LAN cable which can be physically very differentcommunicate with each other. Encourage a diversity of physical media networkdevelopment of communications procedures (communication protocol) that is capable ofinternetworking, so many small networks can be connected together into onea vast computer network.Collection procedures for communication or Internet protocol enabled network computersbuilt using different physical channels. In simple language,computers are connected using a telephone, can communicate with the computerwhich is connected to a LAN network or radio network. This encourages theinter-network (inter-network) globally who we later know as"Internet".In addition to Internet protocol, another thing that is no less important in the development of the Internetis a method of addressing on the Internet. Jon Postel of the Information Science Institute (ISI)at the University of Southern California (USC) is a very meritorious man behindvarious Internet IP address allocation, management of the Domain Name System (DNS), type of media,and various procedures for the allocation of numbers for essential communications on the Internet. Untilhis death on October 16, 1998, Jon Postel Internet Assigned Numbers managingAuthority (IANA). On July 21, 1998, Jon Postel obtained a Silver Medal fromInternational Telecommunications Union (ITU) for services to build the Internet atworld. Currently, IANA is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names andNumbers (ICANN).Commercialization and privatization of the Internet started in the 1980s in AmericaStates with the ijinkannya Internet Service Provider (ISP) to operate. Internetbegan to boom in the 1990s. and be a key trigger of the change in cultureand the business world. Internet offers a pattern of rapid communication using e-mail,free discussion forum, and the Web.B. INTERNET ADDRESSING
Web and e-mail or Internet phone. For the purposes of the Web, often called the Internet addressURL (Uniform Resource Locator) and usually written in the order:protocol: / / domain / directory / fileExample URL:http://rizkyhanggono.blogdetik.com/2008/09/04/jadi-artis-itu-gak-enak/where,Protocol - specifies the communication procedures used. Protocol frequentlyused is http, https, ftp.Domain - is the name of the server / computer that provides the service.Directory - a folder where to store information.So that communication can be done with all the computers in the world, each computer inInternet networks have a number, like a phone. These numbers must be unique,and written in the format of four sets of numbers, eg 202.123.41.52. This number is usuallyknown as an IP address. Thus, each computer communicate with each otherusing the IP address.Unfortunately, humans are not very good to remember so manynumber / number of IP addresses. To enable people, it is developing a domain namethat represents the name of a computer on the Internet. Example domain names are:1.www.ipl.org - Internet Public Library on the Internet.2.www.plasa.com - Forums owned by Telkom.We know several Top Level Domain (TLD) is a global nature, such as:. Com - for commercial organizations. Org - for organizations usually are not commercially. Gov - for government of the United States. Edu - for the universityWe also know several Top Level Domain (TLD) countries, such as:1 .. id - Indonesia2 .. sg - Singapore3 .. jp - Japan
C. INTERNET OVERVIEW
In general there are two (2) ways to be connected to the Internet, namely throughconnection through the connection of individuals and offices. Individual connections(Home user) is usually used in home or office computer using a single fruitonly. Connection office / campus (corporate users) is usually a set ofcomputers linked in a local network (commonly called the Local AreaNetwork / LAN) connected to the Internet at high speeds.From the equipment side, the connection configuration is as follows.1. Computer - Modem - Internet.2. Many Computers - Router - Modem - Internet.
D. STRICTLY FOR INTERNET ACCESS DEVICE
MODEM
Modem (modulator-demodulator acronym) is a tool that will incorporate(Modulates) digital information (contains bit "1" and "0") to its carrier signalanalog (at low speed form of sound signals), and also retrieve informationwhich is sent from the carrier signal. The main objective is to make the modem signalsSTRICTLY FOR INTERNET ACCESS DEVICE 31which can easily be submitted at the sender and easily changeinto a digital signal again at the receiver. Modem can be used on all types ofanalog signal sending equipment, ranging from the diode, cable and radio.The most widely used example is the modem for voice channels that willconvert the digital signal "1" and "0" from the computer into sound that can be deliveredthrough the telephone network. On the receiver side of the phone votes will be received in changeback into digital data is forwarded on to the computer via serial cable, USB orEthernet. Modems are usually classified based on the amount of data that can be sentat a time, usually measured in units of bits per second, or "bps".Various fast modems are widely used by Internet users todayespecially in big cities in Indonesia is the cable modem (ie via FastNet) andADSL modem (for example through Telkom Speedy). The use of the radio modem speedalso high enough to bloom in Indonesia, especially with the technology kembangkannya"Wajanbolic e-goen" and the technology of RT / RW-net.In terms of telecommunications operators and Internet, are widely used modem microwave(Microwave) that can transmit data at speeds of hundreds of bits per second as well. AndThe most widely used technology for long distances is to use fiber cableincluding optics for the connection between countries and continents through submarine cables. Optical modelcan be used to transmit data through fiber optic cable. Optical modem cantransmit data at speeds of about 10 ^ 9 bits per second.Some displays are widely used in modem Indonesia on show atsome pictures below.Figure 2.3 Modem telephone to the Internet (Source: http://www.alibaba.com)Shown in the picture is the internal modem on a computer that can connect to the sloton the computer. Modems of this type typically used for telephone cable and the pricerelatively cheap. Modems usually appear at the end there is a place to enter
telephone cable, there are usually two (2) a place to get a phone cable in parallelto a regular telephone. In other pictures in the show when we entertelephone cable into the internal modem.Existing software in computers in general have been prepared to support the use ofThis internal modem. So we do not need to add additional software. Typemodem to the phone usually works at a maximum speed of about 56kbps,with the condition of the existing telephone network in Indonesia, the average velocity that can beJust reach around 30kbps.
Other modem types that are widely used to access the Internet using a cableis a 3G cellular modem. 3G modems can be either mobile, or a USB such asflashdisk.Usually we will need additional software to use the modem3G in the computer.Speed Internet access that can be obtained using the 3G modem isdepending on the location of cellular towers that support the 3G access. For locations nearapproximately 100-200 meters from the tower 3G mobile operators, we may be obtainedInternet access around 1-2 Mbps. For locations outside the cities or regions far from the tower3G mobile operators the possibility we will get quite slow speed around9.6 to 20 Kbps.
telephone cable, there are usually two (2) a place to get a phone cable in parallelto a regular telephone. In other pictures in the show when we entertelephone cable into the internal modem.Existing software in computers in general have been prepared to support the use ofThis internal modem. So we do not need to add additional software. Typemodem to the phone usually works at a maximum speed of about 56kbps,with the condition of the existing telephone network in Indonesia, the average velocity that can beJust reach around 30kbps.
Other modem types that are widely used to access the Internet using a cableis a 3G cellular modem. 3G modems can be either mobile, or a USB such asflashdisk.Usually we will need additional software to use the modem3G in the computer.Speed Internet access that can be obtained using the 3G modem isdepending on the location of cellular towers that support the 3G access. For locations nearapproximately 100-200 meters from the tower 3G mobile operators, we may be obtainedInternet access around 1-2 Mbps. For locations outside the cities or regions far from the tower3G mobile operators the possibility we will get quite slow speed around9.6 to 20 Kbps.
Figure 2.6 ADSL Modem
Modem Type the increasingly widely used in Indonesia is an ADSL modem, ormore often known as Speedy Telkom modem. Actually, ADSL modemmany in the market is not purely an internal modem as a modem in the described above.ADSL Modem which many in Indonesia were combined with a router in it.They are more accurately called an ADSL router, but most people still call itADSL modem.Computers will be connected to an ADSL modem, often through a local network or cableEthernet cable. No special software is required to connectcomputer to the ADSL modem. Some places have set up an ADSL modemincorporate an Ethernet network cable to up to four (4) computers at once.The maximum speed that can be used in the latest generation of ADSL modemsuse of technology is about 15Mbps ADSL 2 for distance between home totelephone exchange about 1.5 km. At the moment, Telkom Speedy in many places in Indonesia have used the 1Mbps speed, in some places still 384Kbps speed.Figure 2.7 Laptop with WiFi (Source: http://www.informatiks.co.uk)On the computer of the laptop, usually there is a modem Wireless Fidelity(WiFi) internally which can be directly used in a room that has been availableHotSpot. Most WiFi equipment usually works at 2.4GHz frequency and5.8GHz. HotSpot is the term used for WiFi-based Internet network ina room. Speed Internet access using WiFi fast enough withminimum speed of 1Mbps up to around 54Mbps.
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